說明
Zigi River (also known as Sigi River) is located in Muheza District in Tanga Region, northeast Tanzania. The river originates from Amani Nature Reserve (ANR) (internationally renowned hot spot for biological diversity) in the East Usambara mountains at an altitude of 1,130 m.s.l. (Biervliet et al., 2009; Masikini et al., 2018).The river flows for 100km in long course to its mouth in the Indian Ocean north of Tanga town. Its main tributaries are Kihuhui (in the south) and the Musi (in the north) and after their confluence it drains eastwards out of Usambaras and north of the city of Tanga into the Indian Ocean via the Mabayani Dam (Masikini et al., 2018). The river catchment forms an important hotspot of freshwater biodiversity with an outstanding reservoir of freshwater plant and animal species (Biervliet et al., 2009; Clausnitzer, 2003; Masikini et al., 2018). This dataset presents data on the occurrence of freshwater macroinvertebrates in the Zigi River catchment. The dataset comprises of three thousand, and forty-six (3,046) occurrence records of macro-invertebrates and covers the period between 5th March 2012 and 28th May 2012. The mobilization (and preparation) of this dataset was funded by JRS Biodiversity Foundation through Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and its Biodiversity Information for Development programme.
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Masikini, R., Magidi, A., Mwaijengo, G. N., Ngondya, I., Munishi, L., Gideon, H., Ally, M.A., Bernard, C.C., Milola, S. (2022). Macroinvertebrate composition and distribution in Zigi (Sigi) River Catchment: A Global Biodiversity Hotspot in northeastern-Tanzania.
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此資料的發布者及權利單位為 TanBIF。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License.
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此資源已向GBIF註冊,並指定以下之GBIF UUID: a3cc6254-e711-40e9-b2fd-2e05ab2b6088。 TanBIF 發佈此資源,並經由Tanzania Biodiversity Information Facility同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。
關鍵字
Macroinvertebrates; Zigi (Sigi) River Catchment; Tanzania; Biodiversity Hotspot; Occurrence; Northeastern-Tanzania.; Observation
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地理涵蓋範圍
Zigi River catchment lies between latitudes 4o48´S and 5o15´S and longitudes 38o34´E and 39o03´E with a catchment area of about 1,100km2 (Biervliet et al., 2009; Masikini et al., 2018). The river rises in the Amani Nature Reserve on the eastern slopes of the East Usambara Mountains at an altitude of 1130m and flows for 100km long to its mouth in the Indian Ocean north of Tanga town (Masikini et al., 2018). Sigi River has two main tributaries flowing from the north-Muzi stream and south-Kihuhwi stream. The upper reaches of the catchment area are mountainous, consisting mainly of dense forest interspersed with tea plantations (Biervliet et al., 2009; Masikini et al., 2018). Its lower parts are flat and some parts are rejuvenated comprising dry savannah-type bushes and low trees, as well as sisal estates. Along the coast coconut and palm trees are common (Masikini et al., 2018).
| 界定座標範圍 | 緯度南界 經度西界 [-5.2, 38.57], 緯度北界 經度東界 [-4.78, 39.05] |
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分類群涵蓋範圍
This dataset present macroinvertebrate assemblages observed in the 11 sites in the Zigi River Catchment between March 2012 and May 2012 .The main taxonomic groups in this dataset are family, genus, and species. The dataset contains a total of 3046 occurrences belonging to 56 genera, 47 families and 1 species.
| Family | Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Chironomidae (Midges), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Chironomidae (Midges), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Chironomidae (Midges), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Chironomidae (Midges), Pantala (Dragonflies), Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Chironomidae (Midges), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Chironomidae (Midges), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Chironomidae (Midges), Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Chironomidae (Midges), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Chironomidae (Midges), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Chironomidae (Midges), Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Chironomidae (Midges), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Chironomidae (Midges), Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Chironomidae (Midges), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Chironomidae (Midges), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Chironomidae (Midges), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Chironomidae (Midges), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Chironomidae (Midges), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Prosopistomatidae (Crab), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Chironomidae (Midges), Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crab), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Chironomidae (Midges), Prosopistomatidae (Crab), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges), Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crab), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Chironomidae (Midges), Prosopistomatidae (Crab), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Chironomidae (Midges), Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crab), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Chironomidae (Midges), Prosopistomatidae (Crab), Chironomidae (Midges), Prosopistomatidae (Crab), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Chironomidae (Midges), Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles), Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crab), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders), Chironomidae (Midges), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Chironomidae (Midges), Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders), Chironomidae (Midges), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Chironomidae (Midges), Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles), Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Baetidae (Small minnow flies), Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles), Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders), Chironomidae (Midges), Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Chironomidae (Midges), Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles) |
|---|---|
| Genus | Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders), Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers), Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers), Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Chironomidae (Midges), Elmidae (Riffle beetles), Prosopistomatidae (Crabs), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Tabanus (Horseflies), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Suragina (Spine flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia ( Stream Cruiser), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Spine flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Suragina (Spine flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Suragina (Snipe flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Tabanus (Horseflies), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Suragina (Snipe flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus (Dragonflies), Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Tabanus (Horseflies), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia ( Stream Cruiser), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia ( Stream Cruiser), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Blackflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes (Small minnow flies), Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies), Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies), Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Aquarius (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Nychia (Backswimmers), Anisops (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Backswimmers), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Spine flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Dragonflies), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Dragonflies), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Flat-headed mayflies), Cheumatopsyche (Flat-headed mayflies), Hydropsyche (Flat-headed mayflies), Amphipsyche (Flat-headed mayflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Creeping water bugs), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala (Dragonflies), Lymnaea (Pond snails), Machadorythus, Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs), Ranatra (Water scorpions), Neritina (Nerites), Notonecta (Backswimmers), Nychia (Backswimmers), Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns), Neoperla (Stoneflies), Physa (Pouch snails), Potamonautes (Crabs), Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles), Simulium (Black flies), Tabanus (Horseflies), Cleopatra (Snails), Melanoides (Snails), Conosia (Crane flies), Antocha (Crane flies), Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders), Caridina, Suragina (Snipe flies), Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus (Giant water bugs), Caenis (Cainflies), Platycypha (Damselflies), Ceriagrion (Damselflies), Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies), Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus (Backswimmers), Ephemerythus, Naboandelus (Pond skater), Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies), Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies), Neurogomphus (Dragonflies), Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies), Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion, Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion, Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion, Tanzaniella, Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion, Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion, Tanzaniella, Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion, Tanzaniella, Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion, Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion, Tanzaniella, Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion, Tanzaniella, Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops, Glossidion, Tanzaniella, Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Pantala, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Glossidion (Small minnow flies), Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies), Appasus, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ecnomus, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Lestinogomphus, Ictinogomphus, Neurogomphus, Ceratogomphus, Orectogyrus, Afronurus, Leptonema, Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Lymnaea, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Ranatra, Neritina, Notonecta, Nychia, Macrobrachium, Neoperla, Physa, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Hydropsyche, Amphipsyche, Euthraulus, Valleriola, Zyxomma, Pantala, Machadorythus, Laccocoris, Neritina, Nychia, Anisops, Neoperla, Potamonautes, Afrobrianax, Simulium, Tabanus, Cleopatra, Melanoides, Conosia, Antocha, Rhagovelia, Caridina, Suragina, Acanthiops (Small minnow flies), Cloeodes, Xyrodromeus, Pseudopannota, Bugilliesia, Appasus, Hydrocyrius, Caenis, Platycypha, Ceriagrion, Phyllomacromia, Dicercomyzon, Ephemerythus, Naboandelus, Aquarius, Lestinogomphus (Caseless caddisflies), Ictinogomphus (Caseless caddisflies), Ceratogomphus (Caseless caddisflies), Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles), Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies), Euthraulus (Prongills), Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs), Zyxomma (Dragonflies), Pantala (Dragonflies), Machadorythus |
時間涵蓋範圍
| 起始日期 / 結束日期 | 2012-03-05 / 2012-05-28 |
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計畫資料
Although the current National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP 2015-2020) emphasizes the need for mainstreaming freshwater biodiversity information into sector policies, plans, and programs; the lack of accessible, reliable, and ready to use freshwater invertebrates biodiversity (FIB) data hinders its effective implementation by policy and decision-makers in different sectors, and the realization of NBSAP 2015-2020 targets. Inadequate information on the geographical distribution of FIB further hampers decision-making for conservation. This project aims at collating existing freshwater Insects (Odonata, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Ephemeroptera, and Diptera), Mollusks (Gastropoda), and Crustacea (Crabs and Shrimps) (FIMC) species data from northeastern, Tanzania from various institutions and sources, including Tanzania Biodiversity Information Facility (TanBIF), IUCN database, River Basins, Universities, natural history collections, and literature, to create a useable and accessible FIMC database, develop FIMC species distribution maps, supplement the existing FIMC database under TanBIF, establish FIMC monitoring protocol and produce FIMC assessment status (IUCN Red List category) that can be adopted by policymakers and be integrated into decision-making processes by different stakeholders in different sectors. This will be used as a framework to guide the formulation of effective FIMC conservation-related policy and guidelines that will address NBSAP 2015-2020 and Aichi biodiversity targets (CBD 2020), and fulfilling national obligations under articles 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, and 16 of the biodiversity conservations. The long-term project objectives are to contribute substantially to the formulation of a platform where stakeholders feed FIMC data to foster conservation and sustainable use of freshwater ecosystems. This will promote the formation of linkages between TanBIF/GBIF and identified FIMC data holding stakeholders for sustainable monitoring of FIB at large.
| 計畫名稱 | Mainstreaming Freshwater Invertebrates Biodiversity Data into Government Decision-Making |
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| 辨識碼 | BID-AF2020-169-USE |
| 經費來源 | The mobilization and preparation of this dataset was funded by JRS Biodiversity Foundation through Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and its Biodiversity Information for Development programme:"BID-AF2020-169-USE". |
| 研究區域描述 | Freshwater resources in northeastern, Tanzania. |
| 研究設計描述 | Collating existing freshwater Insects (Odonata, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Ephemeroptera, and Diptera), Mollusks (Gastropoda), and Crustacea (Crabs and Shrimps) (FIMC) species data from northeastern, Tanzania from various institutions and sources, including Tanzania Biodiversity Information Facility (TanBIF), IUCN database, River Basins, Universities, natural history collections, and literature, to create a useable and accessible FIMC database, develop FIMC species distribution maps, supplement the existing FIMC database under TanBIF, establish FIMC monitoring protocol and produce FIMC assessment status (IUCN Red List category) that can be adopted by policymakers and be integrated into decision-making processes by different stakeholders in different sectors. |
參與計畫的人員:
取樣方法
A qualitative sampling of macro-invertebrates was conducted by the same operator using a 30*30cm kick net with a 1mm mesh size and applying time-limited samples (3 minutes). In each station, the dominant biotope (stones, sand, and vegetation) was identified which was simply the habitat contributing to more than 50% of the area within the selected 50 m reach for sampling. Three replicates samples of macroinvertebrates were collected in the selected biotope. All individuals in a sample were counted and most were identified to the Genus level except a few of them to the family level (Baetidae, Leptophlebiidae, Polycentropodidae, Polymitarcyidae, Tricorythidae, Veliidae, and Hirudinea) and Chironomidae and Elmidae were identified to subfamily level following different identification keys (Croft, 1986; Davies and Day, 1998; Gerber and Gabriel, 2002).
| 研究範圍 | The macroinvertebrates were observed from eleven river sites (i.e., Derema, Nenguruwe, Bulwa, Longuza, Sigi Lydia, Sigi Darajani, Sigi Lanconi, Sigi KwaMpare, Sigi Kidudumo, Sigi Cross, Sigi Sega) in Zigi River Catchment, northeastern Tanzania. |
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方法步驟描述:
- We collated all the macroinvertebrates data into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets according to Darwin-Core standard i.e., following Darwin core quick reference guide. We verified the taxonomic nomenclature using the “species matching” tool available on the GBIF website (https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup). To ensure data adherence to Darwin Core standards we performed data cleaning. We used the data validator tool available on the GBIF website (https://www.gbif.org/tools/data-validator) to identify missing or incorrect information in our dataset. The two tools used are open-source software.
引用文獻
- Biervliet, O. van, Daniels, J., Vonesh, J.R., 2009. Effects of Tea Plantations on Stream Invertebrates in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot in Africa. Biotropica 41, 469–475. Clausnitzer, V., 2003. Rediscovery of Amanipodagrion gilliesi , with notes on habitat , behaviour and conservation ( Odonata : Megapodagrionidae ). Int. J. Odonatol. ISSN 6, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2003.10510445 Croft, P.S., 1986. A Key to the Major Groups of British Freshwater Invertebrates. Rep. Pub. FSC. 1986. Davies, B., Day, J., 1998. Vanishing Waters: Keys to common macroinvertebrate taxa of South African Inland Waters. Gerber, A., Gabriel, M.J.M., 2002. Aquatic Invertebrates of South African Rivers: Field Guide. Institute for Water Quality Studies. Masikini, R., Kaaya, L.T., Chicharo, L., 2018. Evaluation of ecohydrological variables in relation to spatial and temporal variability of macroinvertebrate assemblages along the Zigi River – Tanzania. Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol. 18, 130–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2018.03.004 .
額外的詮釋資料
| 替代的識別碼 | a3cc6254-e711-40e9-b2fd-2e05ab2b6088 |
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| https://ipt.tanbif.costech.or.tz/resource?r=sigiinvertebrates |