Ocorrência

Macroinvertebrate composition and distribution in Zigi (Sigi) River Catchment: A Global Biodiversity Hotspot in Northeastern-Tanzania.

Versão mais recente publicado por TanBIF em 17 de agosto de 2022 TanBIF
Zigi River (also known as Sigi River) is located in Muheza District in Tanga Region, northeast Tanzania. The river originates from Amani Nature Reserve (ANR) (internationally renowned hot spot for biological diversity) in the East Usambara mountains at an altitude of 1,130 m.s.l. (Biervliet et al., 2009; Masikini et al., 2018).The river flows for 100km in long course to its mouth in the Indian Ocean north of Tanga town. Its main tributaries are Kihuhui (in the south) and the Musi (in the north) and after their confluence it drains eastwards out of Usambaras and north of the city of Tanga into the Indian Ocean via the Mabayani Dam (Masikini et al., 2018). The river catchment forms an important hotspot of freshwater biodiversity with an outstanding reservoir of freshwater plant and animal sp... Mais
Publication date:
17 de agosto de 2022
Hosted by:
TanBIF
License:
CC-BY 4.0

Descrição

Zigi River (also known as Sigi River) is located in Muheza District in Tanga Region, northeast Tanzania. The river originates from Amani Nature Reserve (ANR) (internationally renowned hot spot for biological diversity) in the East Usambara mountains at an altitude of 1,130 m.s.l. (Biervliet et al., 2009; Masikini et al., 2018).The river flows for 100km in long course to its mouth in the Indian Ocean north of Tanga town. Its main tributaries are Kihuhui (in the south) and the Musi (in the north) and after their confluence it drains eastwards out of Usambaras and north of the city of Tanga into the Indian Ocean via the Mabayani Dam (Masikini et al., 2018). The river catchment forms an important hotspot of freshwater biodiversity with an outstanding reservoir of freshwater plant and animal species (Biervliet et al., 2009; Clausnitzer, 2003; Masikini et al., 2018). This dataset presents data on the occurrence of freshwater macroinvertebrates in the Zigi River catchment. The dataset comprises of three thousand, and forty-six (3,046) occurrence records of macro-invertebrates and covers the period between 5th March 2012 and 28th May 2012. The mobilization (and preparation) of this dataset was funded by JRS Biodiversity Foundation through Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and its Biodiversity Information for Development programme.

Registros de Dados

Os dados deste recurso de ocorrência foram publicados como um Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), que é o formato padronizado para compartilhamento de dados de biodiversidade como um conjunto de uma ou mais tabelas de dados. A tabela de dados do núcleo contém 3.046 registros.

This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.

Downloads

Baixe a última versão do recurso de dados, como um Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) ou recurso de metadados, como EML ou RTF:

Dados como um arquivo DwC-A download 3.046 registros em English (172 kB) - Frequência de atualização: continuamente
Metadados como um arquivo EML download em English (667 kB)
Metadados como um arquivo RTF download em English (158 kB)

Versões

A tabela abaixo mostra apenas versões de recursos que são publicamente acessíveis.

Como citar

Pesquisadores deveriam citar esta obra da seguinte maneira:

Masikini, R., Magidi, A., Mwaijengo, G. N., Ngondya, I., Munishi, L., Gideon, H., Ally, M.A., Bernard, C.C., Milola, S. (2022). Macroinvertebrate composition and distribution in Zigi (Sigi) River Catchment: A Global Biodiversity Hotspot in northeastern-Tanzania.

Direitos

Pesquisadores devem respeitar a seguinte declaração de direitos:

O editor e o detentor dos direitos deste trabalho é TanBIF. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License.

GBIF Registration

Este recurso foi registrado no GBIF e atribuído ao seguinte GBIF UUID: a3cc6254-e711-40e9-b2fd-2e05ab2b6088.  TanBIF publica este recurso, e está registrado no GBIF como um publicador de dados aprovado por Tanzania Biodiversity Information Facility.

Palavras-chave

Macroinvertebrates; Zigi (Sigi) River Catchment; Tanzania; Biodiversity Hotspot; Occurrence; Northeastern-Tanzania.; Observation

Contatos

Quem criou esse recurso:

Grite Nelson Mwaijengo
Lecturer
The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
P.O.Box 447
23311 Arusha
Arusha
TZ
0621040684
Issakwisa Bernard Ngondya
Lecturer
The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
P.O.Box 447
Arusha
Arusha
TZ
0624006800
Linus Munishi
Associate Professor
The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
PO Box 447
Arusha
Arusha
TZ
+255768171890
Rosemary Masikini
Senior Hydrologist
Lake Victoria Basin Water Board
Mwanza
Mwanza
TZ
+255657738284
Ally Mohamed Ally
Early Career Researcher
University of Dar es Salaam
PO Box 35091
Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam
TZ
0715888313
Clean Chrisant Bernard
Early Carrier Researcher
University of Dar es Salaam
PO Box 35091
Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam
TZ
0684757644
Salome Milola
Early Career Researcher
The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
P.O.Box 447,
Arusha
Arusha
TZ
0763847578

Quem pode responder a perguntas sobre o recurso:

Grite Nelson Mwaijengo
Lecturer
The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
P.o.Box 447
23311 Arusha
Arusha
TZ
0621040684
Issakwisa Bernard Ngondya
Lecturer
The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
P.o.Box 447
Arusha
Arusha
TZ
0784355896
Linus Munishi
Associate Professor
The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
P.o.Box 447
Arusha
Arusha
TZ
0768171890
Hulda Gideon
Senior Research Officer
Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology
P.O.Box 4302
Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam
TZ
0754310879
Rosemary Masikini
Senior Hydrologist
Lake Victoria Basin Water Board
Mwanza
TZ
+255657738284

Quem preencher os metadados:

Grite Nelson
Principal Investigator
The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
P.o.Box 447
23311 Arusha
Arusha
TZ
0756931201

Quem mais foi associado com o recurso:

Pesquisador Principal
Grite Nelson Mwaijengo
Lecturer
The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
P.O Box 447
23311 Arusha
Arusha
TZ
+255756931201

Cobertura Geográfica

Zigi River catchment lies between latitudes 4o48´S and 5o15´S and longitudes 38o34´E and 39o03´E with a catchment area of about 1,100km2 (Biervliet et al., 2009; Masikini et al., 2018). The river rises in the Amani Nature Reserve on the eastern slopes of the East Usambara Mountains at an altitude of 1130m and flows for 100km long to its mouth in the Indian Ocean north of Tanga town (Masikini et al., 2018). Sigi River has two main tributaries flowing from the north-Muzi stream and south-Kihuhwi stream. The upper reaches of the catchment area are mountainous, consisting mainly of dense forest interspersed with tea plantations (Biervliet et al., 2009; Masikini et al., 2018). Its lower parts are flat and some parts are rejuvenated comprising dry savannah-type bushes and low trees, as well as sisal estates. Along the coast coconut and palm trees are common (Masikini et al., 2018).

Coordenadas delimitadoras Sul Oeste [-5,2, 38,57], Norte Leste [-4,78, 39,05]

Cobertura Taxonômica

This dataset present macroinvertebrate assemblages observed in the 11 sites in the Zigi River Catchment between March 2012 and May 2012 .The main taxonomic groups in this dataset are family, genus, and species. The dataset contains a total of 3046 occurrences belonging to 56 genera, 47 families and 1 species.

Família  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Prosopistomatidae (Crab),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crab),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Prosopistomatidae (Crab),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges),  Polycentropodidae (Caseless caddisflies),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crab),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Prosopistomatidae (Crab),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crab),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Prosopistomatidae (Crab),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Prosopistomatidae (Crab),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles),  Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crab),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles),  Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Baetidae (Small minnow flies),  Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles),  Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Dytiscidae (Predacious diving beetles)
Gênero  Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders),  Polymitarcyidae (Pale burrowers),  Tricorythidae (Stout crawlers),  Veliidae (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Chironomidae (Midges),  Elmidae (Riffle beetles),  Prosopistomatidae (Crabs),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Suragina (Spine flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia ( Stream Cruiser),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Spine flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Suragina (Spine flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus (Dragonflies),  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia ( Stream Cruiser),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia ( Stream Cruiser),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Blackflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes (Small minnow flies),  Xyrodromeus (Small minnow flies),  Pseudopannota (Small minnow flies),  Bugilliesia (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Hydrocyrius (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Aquarius (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Anisops (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Backswimmers),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Spine flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Dragonflies),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Flat-headed mayflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Flat-headed mayflies),  Hydropsyche (Flat-headed mayflies),  Amphipsyche (Flat-headed mayflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Creeping water bugs),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Lymnaea (Pond snails),  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris (Creeping water bugs),  Ranatra (Water scorpions),  Neritina (Nerites),  Notonecta (Backswimmers),  Nychia (Backswimmers),  Macrobrachium (Freshwater prawns),  Neoperla (Stoneflies),  Physa (Pouch snails),  Potamonautes (Crabs),  Afrobrianax (Water penny beetles),  Simulium (Black flies),  Tabanus (Horseflies),  Cleopatra (Snails),  Melanoides (Snails),  Conosia (Crane flies),  Antocha (Crane flies),  Rhagovelia (Broad-shouldered water striders),  Caridina,  Suragina (Snipe flies),  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus (Giant water bugs),  Caenis (Cainflies),  Platycypha (Damselflies),  Ceriagrion (Damselflies),  Phyllomacromia (Dragonflies),  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus (Backswimmers),  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus (Pond skater),  Lestinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ictinogomphus (Dragonflies),  Neurogomphus (Dragonflies),  Ceratogomphus (Dragonflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Afronurus (Flat-headed mayflies),  Leptonema (Caseless caddisflies),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion,  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion,  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion,  Tanzaniella,  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion,  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion,  Tanzaniella,  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion,  Tanzaniella,  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion,  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion,  Tanzaniella,  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion,  Tanzaniella,  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops,  Glossidion,  Tanzaniella,  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Pantala,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Glossidion (Small minnow flies),  Tanzaniella (Small minnow flies),  Appasus,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ecnomus,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Lestinogomphus,  Ictinogomphus,  Neurogomphus,  Ceratogomphus,  Orectogyrus,  Afronurus,  Leptonema,  Cheumatopsyche,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Lymnaea,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Ranatra,  Neritina,  Notonecta,  Nychia,  Macrobrachium,  Neoperla,  Physa,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Hydropsyche,  Amphipsyche,  Euthraulus,  Valleriola,  Zyxomma,  Pantala,  Machadorythus,  Laccocoris,  Neritina,  Nychia,  Anisops,  Neoperla,  Potamonautes,  Afrobrianax,  Simulium,  Tabanus,  Cleopatra,  Melanoides,  Conosia,  Antocha,  Rhagovelia,  Caridina,  Suragina,  Acanthiops (Small minnow flies),  Cloeodes,  Xyrodromeus,  Pseudopannota,  Bugilliesia,  Appasus,  Hydrocyrius,  Caenis,  Platycypha,  Ceriagrion,  Phyllomacromia,  Dicercomyzon,  Ephemerythus,  Naboandelus,  Aquarius,  Lestinogomphus (Caseless caddisflies),  Ictinogomphus (Caseless caddisflies),  Ceratogomphus (Caseless caddisflies),  Orectogyrus (Whirligig beetles),  Cheumatopsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Hydropsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Amphipsyche (Caseless caddisflies),  Euthraulus (Prongills),  Valleriola (Spiny-legged bugs),  Zyxomma (Dragonflies),  Pantala (Dragonflies),  Machadorythus

Cobertura Temporal

Data Inicial / Data final 2012-03-05 / 2012-05-28

Dados Sobre o Projeto

Although the current National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP 2015-2020) emphasizes the need for mainstreaming freshwater biodiversity information into sector policies, plans, and programs; the lack of accessible, reliable, and ready to use freshwater invertebrates biodiversity (FIB) data hinders its effective implementation by policy and decision-makers in different sectors, and the realization of NBSAP 2015-2020 targets. Inadequate information on the geographical distribution of FIB further hampers decision-making for conservation. This project aims at collating existing freshwater Insects (Odonata, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Ephemeroptera, and Diptera), Mollusks (Gastropoda), and Crustacea (Crabs and Shrimps) (FIMC) species data from northeastern, Tanzania from various institutions and sources, including Tanzania Biodiversity Information Facility (TanBIF), IUCN database, River Basins, Universities, natural history collections, and literature, to create a useable and accessible FIMC database, develop FIMC species distribution maps, supplement the existing FIMC database under TanBIF, establish FIMC monitoring protocol and produce FIMC assessment status (IUCN Red List category) that can be adopted by policymakers and be integrated into decision-making processes by different stakeholders in different sectors. This will be used as a framework to guide the formulation of effective FIMC conservation-related policy and guidelines that will address NBSAP 2015-2020 and Aichi biodiversity targets (CBD 2020), and fulfilling national obligations under articles 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, and 16 of the biodiversity conservations. The long-term project objectives are to contribute substantially to the formulation of a platform where stakeholders feed FIMC data to foster conservation and sustainable use of freshwater ecosystems. This will promote the formation of linkages between TanBIF/GBIF and identified FIMC data holding stakeholders for sustainable monitoring of FIB at large.

Título Mainstreaming Freshwater Invertebrates Biodiversity Data into Government Decision-Making
Identificador BID-AF2020-169-USE
Financiamento The mobilization and preparation of this dataset was funded by JRS Biodiversity Foundation through Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and its Biodiversity Information for Development programme:"BID-AF2020-169-USE".
Descrição da Área de Estudo Freshwater resources in northeastern, Tanzania.
Descrição do Design Collating existing freshwater Insects (Odonata, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Ephemeroptera, and Diptera), Mollusks (Gastropoda), and Crustacea (Crabs and Shrimps) (FIMC) species data from northeastern, Tanzania from various institutions and sources, including Tanzania Biodiversity Information Facility (TanBIF), IUCN database, River Basins, Universities, natural history collections, and literature, to create a useable and accessible FIMC database, develop FIMC species distribution maps, supplement the existing FIMC database under TanBIF, establish FIMC monitoring protocol and produce FIMC assessment status (IUCN Red List category) that can be adopted by policymakers and be integrated into decision-making processes by different stakeholders in different sectors.

O pessoal envolvido no projeto:

Pesquisador Principal
Grite Nelson Mwaijengo
Pesquisador Principal
Issakwisa Bernard Ngondya
Provedor de Conteúdo
Linus Munishi
Provedor de Conteúdo
Hulda Gideon
Provedor de Conteúdo
Arafa Magidi
Processador
Hillary Mrosso
Processador
Vincent Matsiko

Métodos de Amostragem

A qualitative sampling of macro-invertebrates was conducted by the same operator using a 30*30cm kick net with a 1mm mesh size and applying time-limited samples (3 minutes). In each station, the dominant biotope (stones, sand, and vegetation) was identified which was simply the habitat contributing to more than 50% of the area within the selected 50 m reach for sampling. Three replicates samples of macroinvertebrates were collected in the selected biotope. All individuals in a sample were counted and most were identified to the Genus level except a few of them to the family level (Baetidae, Leptophlebiidae, Polycentropodidae, Polymitarcyidae, Tricorythidae, Veliidae, and Hirudinea) and Chironomidae and Elmidae were identified to subfamily level following different identification keys (Croft, 1986; Davies and Day, 1998; Gerber and Gabriel, 2002).

Área de Estudo The macroinvertebrates were observed from eleven river sites (i.e., Derema, Nenguruwe, Bulwa, Longuza, Sigi Lydia, Sigi Darajani, Sigi Lanconi, Sigi KwaMpare, Sigi Kidudumo, Sigi Cross, Sigi Sega) in Zigi River Catchment, northeastern Tanzania.

Descrição dos passos do método:

  1. We collated all the macroinvertebrates data into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets according to Darwin-Core standard i.e., following Darwin core quick reference guide. We verified the taxonomic nomenclature using the “species matching” tool available on the GBIF website (https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup). To ensure data adherence to Darwin Core standards we performed data cleaning. We used the data validator tool available on the GBIF website (https://www.gbif.org/tools/data-validator) to identify missing or incorrect information in our dataset. The two tools used are open-source software.

Citações bibliográficas

  1. Biervliet, O. van, Daniels, J., Vonesh, J.R., 2009. Effects of Tea Plantations on Stream Invertebrates in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot in Africa. Biotropica 41, 469–475. Clausnitzer, V., 2003. Rediscovery of Amanipodagrion gilliesi , with notes on habitat , behaviour and conservation ( Odonata : Megapodagrionidae ). Int. J. Odonatol. ISSN 6, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2003.10510445 Croft, P.S., 1986. A Key to the Major Groups of British Freshwater Invertebrates. Rep. Pub. FSC. 1986. Davies, B., Day, J., 1998. Vanishing Waters: Keys to common macroinvertebrate taxa of South African Inland Waters. Gerber, A., Gabriel, M.J.M., 2002. Aquatic Invertebrates of South African Rivers: Field Guide. Institute for Water Quality Studies. Masikini, R., Kaaya, L.T., Chicharo, L., 2018. Evaluation of ecohydrological variables in relation to spatial and temporal variability of macroinvertebrate assemblages along the Zigi River – Tanzania. Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol. 18, 130–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2018.03.004 .

Metadados Adicionais

Identificadores alternativos a3cc6254-e711-40e9-b2fd-2e05ab2b6088
https://ipt.tanbif.costech.or.tz/resource?r=sigiinvertebrates